For many international students, Europe offers an attractive combination of internationally recognised universities, diverse cultures, career opportunities, and relatively accessible study options.

However, one concern often comes up before applying:

Do I need to speak the local language to study in Europe?

The answer is increasingly no.

Universities across Europe offer thousands of programmes taught entirely or primarily in English, particularly at master’s and doctoral level. Current European programme databases list English-taught degrees across more than 20 countries, while the Nordic countries, Netherlands, Germany and Ireland are among the strongest options for students seeking programmes that do not require local-language study.

However, the availability of English-taught degrees differs significantly by country and by study level.

For example, the Netherlands and Sweden offer substantial numbers of English-taught bachelor’s degrees, while Germany has a much larger selection at master’s level than at undergraduate level. Ireland is particularly straightforward for English-speaking students because its higher education system operates in English.

This guide explores the best European countries for international students looking for English-taught bachelor’s and master’s degrees.

1. Netherlands

The Netherlands is one of the strongest destinations in continental Europe for students who want to study entirely in English.

The country’s universities have built a large international programme portfolio, particularly at master’s level. According to Nuffic, 71% of master’s programmes at Dutch research universities were taught exclusively in English in the 2025–26 academic year.

The Netherlands also offers a significant selection of English-taught bachelor’s programmes, making it one of the most attractive options for international students immediately after secondary school.

Why study in the Netherlands?

• Large selection of English-taught degrees
• Strong universities and research institutions
• International academic environment
• Innovative teaching methods
• Strong engineering and technology programmes
• Excellent business and economics programmes
• Good access to European markets
• Strong international student community

Universities to consider

• University of Amsterdam
• Delft University of Technology
• Erasmus University Rotterdam
• Leiden University
• Utrecht University
• Wageningen University & Research
• Eindhoven University of Technology
• University of Groningen

Best for:

Business, economics, engineering, technology, agriculture, environmental sciences, social sciences and international studies.

Important consideration

English-taught master’s degrees are particularly common, but students seeking bachelor’s degrees should check the language of instruction carefully because not every undergraduate programme is taught in English. Nuffic reports that 32% of bachelor’s programmes at Dutch research universities were exclusively English-taught in 2025–26.

2. Ireland

Ireland is one of the easiest European destinations to consider if you want to study in an English-speaking environment.

Unlike countries where English is primarily used as an alternative language of instruction, English is the main language of higher education in Ireland.

This removes one of the major challenges international students can face when studying abroad.

Why study in Ireland?

• English-speaking academic environment
• Strong universities
• International student community
• Growing technology sector
• Strong pharmaceutical and life-sciences industries
• Major European base for multinational companies
• Opportunities in business, technology and engineering
• No need to learn another language for university study

Universities to consider

• Trinity College Dublin
• University College Dublin
• University College Cork
• University of Galway
• University of Limerick
• Dublin City University
• Maynooth University

Best for:

Technology, business, pharmaceuticals, computer science, engineering, finance and life sciences.

Important consideration

Ireland can be attractive academically, but international students should carefully budget for accommodation and living expenses, particularly in Dublin.

3. Sweden

Sweden is one of Europe’s strongest destinations for English-taught higher education, particularly at master’s level.

Its universities have a strong international orientation, and English is widely used in postgraduate education.

Sweden also offers a meaningful selection of English-taught bachelor’s programmes.

Why study in Sweden?

• Many English-taught programmes
• Strong research universities
• Innovative education system
• Excellent technology sector
• Strong sustainability focus
• International learning environment
• Strong engineering and science programmes

Universities to consider

• Lund University
• Uppsala University
• KTH Royal Institute of Technology
• Stockholm University
• University of Gothenburg
• Linköping University
• Chalmers University of Technology

Best for:

Engineering, technology, computer science, sustainability, business, design and life sciences.

Important consideration

Sweden can be relatively expensive for international students, particularly in terms of living costs. Students from outside the EU/EEA should also investigate tuition fees and available scholarships.

4. Germany

Germany is particularly attractive for international students because of its combination of strong universities, engineering expertise and relatively affordable public higher education in many cases.

There are thousands of international programmes listed through German higher-education databases, and English-taught options are especially common at master’s level.

Why study in Germany?

• Strong engineering reputation
• Excellent research institutions
• Large number of international master’s programmes
• Strong technology and manufacturing industries
• Many public universities with relatively low tuition
• Strong opportunities in STEM
• Large economy and employment market

Universities to consider

• Technical University of Munich
• RWTH Aachen University
• Heidelberg University
• Humboldt University of Berlin
• Free University of Berlin
• Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
• University of Freiburg
• University of Stuttgart

Best for:

Engineering, computer science, renewable energy, automotive technology, natural sciences, business and research.

Important consideration

Germany is much stronger for English-taught master’s degrees than for bachelor’s degrees.

Students seeking an English-taught bachelor’s should research carefully because many undergraduate programmes at public universities remain German-taught.

Learning German is still highly beneficial for daily life, internships and employment, even when your degree is entirely in English.

5. Denmark

Denmark is another strong Nordic destination for international students seeking English-taught degrees.

English-taught programmes are particularly common in areas such as engineering, science, business and technology.

Why study in Denmark?

• Strong international education environment
• High-quality universities
• Innovative teaching
• Strong engineering sector
• Sustainability and green-technology expertise
• Strong research culture
• Good work-life balance

Universities to consider

• University of Copenhagen
• Aarhus University
• Technical University of Denmark
• Aalborg University
• University of Southern Denmark
• Copenhagen Business School

Best for:

Engineering, renewable energy, sustainability, business, biotechnology and technology.

Important consideration

English-taught bachelor’s programmes exist but are less extensive than in the Netherlands or Ireland. At master’s level, the selection is considerably stronger.

6. Finland

Finland has developed a strong international higher-education sector, particularly at master’s level.

The country combines a strong education system with technology, innovation and research.

Why study in Finland?

• Strong education system
• English-taught programmes
• Excellent technology sector
• Research-oriented universities
• Innovative learning environment
• Strong focus on sustainability
• Safe and international environment

Universities to consider

• University of Helsinki
• Aalto University
• University of Turku
• Tampere University
• University of Oulu
• LUT University

Best for:

Technology, engineering, business, sustainability, data science and natural sciences.

Important consideration

Students should carefully check the current tuition rules for their nationality and programme. Tuition and scholarship arrangements can differ for EU/EEA and non-EU/EEA students.

7. Norway

Norway is another attractive Nordic destination, particularly for students interested in research, engineering, energy and sustainability.

English is widely used in postgraduate education, making Norway particularly interesting for international master’s students.

Why study in Norway?

• Strong research environment
• High-quality universities
• Strong English proficiency
• Excellent natural-resource and energy expertise
• Strong sustainability focus
• International academic environment

Universities to consider

• University of Oslo
• University of Bergen
• Norwegian University of Science and Technology
• University of Stavanger
• Norwegian University of Life Sciences

Best for:

Energy, engineering, environmental science, marine sciences, technology and sustainability.

Important consideration

English-taught options are much more extensive at master’s level than bachelor’s level. Students should verify the exact language requirements for their chosen programme.

8. Belgium

Belgium provides another interesting option for international students.

The country has several internationally recognised universities and a growing selection of English-taught master’s programmes.

Its location also places students close to major European institutions and markets.

Why study in Belgium?

• Strong higher-education system
• International environment
• English-taught master’s programmes
• Central European location
• Strong research infrastructure
• Access to EU institutions and organisations
• Multilingual society

Universities to consider

• KU Leuven
• Ghent University
• University of Antwerp
• Vrije Universiteit Brussel
• Université catholique de Louvain

Best for:

Engineering, science, business, international relations, technology and research.

9. France

France is an excellent academic destination, but students need to research English-taught options carefully.

Although most undergraduate programmes remain French-taught, English-language programmes are increasingly available, especially at master’s level and at business schools and specialised institutions.

Why study in France?

• Strong universities and grandes écoles
• Excellent business education
• Strong engineering tradition
• Major technology and research sectors
• Global companies
• International student community
• Strong opportunities in luxury, fashion, business and technology

Universities and institutions to consider

• Sorbonne University
• Paris-Saclay University
• Sciences Po
• École Polytechnique
• HEC Paris
• ESSEC Business School
• ESCP Business School

Best for:

Business, engineering, international relations, economics, fashion, technology and luxury management.

Important consideration

Do not assume that a French university offers its entire degree portfolio in English. Verify the language of instruction for the specific programme before applying.

10. Italy

Italy has become increasingly attractive for students looking for English-taught degrees, particularly in selected fields.

English-taught programmes are especially visible in areas such as engineering, economics, business and international studies.

Why study in Italy?

• Historic universities
• Growing English-taught programme selection
• Strong engineering schools
• Strong architecture and design education
• Business and economics opportunities
• Rich cultural environment
• Potentially competitive tuition at some institutions

Universities to consider

• University of Bologna
• Politecnico di Milano
• University of Padua
• Sapienza University of Rome
• University of Milan
• University of Rome Tor Vergata

Best for:

Engineering, architecture, design, economics, business and international studies.

Important consideration

English-taught bachelor’s degrees are less common than English-taught master’s degrees, so students should search programme by programme.

11. Spain

Spain offers an increasing number of English-taught programmes, particularly in business, international relations, engineering and technology.

Some universities and private institutions offer extensive English-language degree options.

Why study in Spain?

• Growing selection of English-taught degrees
• Strong business schools
• International universities
• Attractive student environment
• Major cities with international business communities
• Strong tourism, hospitality and business sectors

Universities to consider

• IE University
• University of Barcelona
• Pompeu Fabra University
• Carlos III University of Madrid
• Autonomous University of Barcelona
• University of Navarra

Best for:

Business, international relations, engineering, economics, tourism and technology.

Important consideration

English-taught programmes remain a smaller proportion of Spain’s overall higher-education system, especially at bachelor’s level. Check the exact programme language before applying.

12. Estonia

Estonia is a smaller destination, but it can be an interesting choice for students interested in technology and digital innovation.

The country has developed a strong reputation for digital government, startups and technology.

Why study in Estonia?

• Strong digital economy
• English-taught programmes
• Innovative technology environment
• International student community
• Startup ecosystem
• Relatively compact and accessible country

Universities to consider

• University of Tartu
• Tallinn University of Technology
• Tallinn University

Best for:

Computer science, cybersecurity, digital business, technology and entrepreneurship.

Best European Countries for English-Taught Degrees by Study Level

One of the biggest mistakes students make is assuming that English-taught opportunities are equally available at every degree level.

They are not.

Country	Bachelor’s	Master’s	Particularly Strong Areas
Netherlands	Excellent	Excellent	Business, engineering, technology
Ireland	Excellent	Excellent	Technology, business, science
Sweden	Very good	Excellent	Engineering, technology, sustainability
Germany	Limited–moderate	Excellent	Engineering, STEM, research
Denmark	Moderate	Excellent	Engineering, business, sustainability
Finland	Moderate	Excellent	Technology, science, business
Norway	Limited	Very good	Energy, engineering, sustainability
Belgium	Limited–moderate	Very good	Science, engineering, business
France	Limited	Good	Business, engineering, international studies
Italy	Limited–moderate	Good	Engineering, economics, design
Spain	Moderate	Good	Business, engineering, international studies
Estonia	Good	Good	Technology, digital business

The exact availability changes by university and programme, so students should always verify the current programme language directly with the institution.

Best Countries for English-Taught Bachelor’s Degrees

If you are finishing secondary school and want to begin a bachelor’s degree without first learning another European language, your shortlist should be particularly focused.

Strong options include:

1. Netherlands

One of the strongest continental European choices for English-taught bachelor’s degrees.

2. Ireland

An especially straightforward choice because English is the main language of higher education.

3. Sweden

Offers a significant selection of English-taught bachelor’s degrees.

4. Denmark

Offers English-taught bachelor’s programmes, particularly in selected technical and business fields.

5. Poland and Czechia

Both have growing English-taught undergraduate options and can be worth exploring for students looking for additional European choices.

Best Countries for English-Taught Master’s Degrees

The situation is different at master’s level.

International students have a much wider range of options.

Strong choices include:

• Netherlands
• Germany
• Sweden
• Denmark
• Finland
• Ireland
• Norway
• Belgium
• France
• Italy

The Netherlands is particularly notable: Nuffic reports that 71% of master’s programmes at Dutch research universities were exclusively English-taught in 2025–26.

Is It Possible to Study in Europe Without Speaking the Local Language?

Yes.

You can complete an entire degree in English in many European countries.

However, studying in English and living in English are not necessarily the same thing.

You may be able to complete your lectures, assignments, examinations and thesis entirely in English, but everyday life may still involve the local language.

For example, you may encounter the local language when:

• Shopping
• Visiting government offices
• Finding accommodation
• Using public services
• Applying for certain jobs
• Working with local employers

Learning basic phrases can therefore make your experience considerably easier.

For students planning to remain in Europe after graduation, learning the local language can also improve access to internships and employment.

Do English-Taught Degrees Require IELTS or TOEFL?

Many universities require proof of English proficiency, but the exact requirements vary.

Possible requirements include:

• IELTS Academic
• TOEFL iBT
• PTE Academic
• Cambridge English qualifications
• Another recognised test

Some universities may waive a test if your previous education was conducted in English or if you satisfy another exemption.

Never assume that studying in an English-speaking school automatically guarantees an exemption.

Check the specific university’s admission requirements.

How Much Do English-Taught Degrees in Europe Cost?

There is no single European tuition fee.

Costs depend on:

• Country
• University
• Degree level
• Programme
• Nationality
• Public or private institution

For example, Nuffic reports that non-EEA students in the Netherlands typically pay institutional tuition fees averaging €9,000–€20,000 per year for bachelor’s programmes and €12,000–€30,000 for master’s programmes in 2026.

Germany can be substantially less expensive at many public universities, although exceptions exist and students still need to budget for living costs and other fees.

Students should therefore compare total cost of study, rather than assuming that an English-taught degree is automatically expensive.

How to Choose the Right European Country

Choosing a country should involve more than asking:

“Where can I study in English?”

Instead, consider the following.

1. Programme Availability

Does your specific degree exist in English?

2. Tuition

How much will the entire programme cost?

3. Living Expenses

Can you realistically afford accommodation, food and transportation?

4. University Quality

Does the institution have a strong reputation in your subject?

5. Career Opportunities

Are there employers and industries relevant to your career?

6. Internship Opportunities

Can international students access internships or work placements?

7. Language

Can you manage daily life without the local language?

8. Admission Requirements

Do you meet the academic and English-language requirements?

9. Scholarships

Are scholarships available to international students?

10. Post-Graduation Plans

What opportunities exist after completing your degree, subject to the immigration rules applicable to you?

Common Mistakes International Students Should Avoid

Choosing a Country Before Choosing a Programme

Start with your academic and career goals, then identify countries where suitable programmes are available.

Assuming Every Programme Is Taught in English

A university may offer English-taught programmes without offering every degree in English.

Ignoring the Degree Level

A country with many English-taught master’s degrees may have relatively few English-taught bachelor’s degrees.

Looking Only at Tuition

Accommodation and living expenses can make a major difference to your total budget.

Ignoring Local Language Skills

You may not need the local language for your degree, but it can still matter for employment and everyday life.

Relying on Outdated Information

English-taught programmes, fees and admission requirements can change from one academic year to another.

Always verify the current information directly with the university.

The European Union’s official education portal also notes that admission conditions vary significantly by country and university, and that language requirements may apply depending on the programme.

A Simple Checklist Before Applying

Before applying to an English-taught European degree, confirm:

• The entire programme is taught in English
• The university accepts international students
• You meet the academic requirements
• You meet the English-language requirements
• You understand the tuition fee
• You have calculated living costs
• You have checked scholarship opportunities
• You know the application deadline
• You understand visa requirements
• You have checked accommodation options
• You have researched career opportunities
• You have verified the programme information on the official university website

FAQ